Makalah Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 Semester 1

Chapter I
Greeting adalah suatu ucapan selamat untuk event yang sangat special dalam hidup sesorang. seperti perkawinan, kelahiran , kematian , dan segala hal yang membahagiakan . Greeting dapat diucapkan melalui SMS, email, via telephone , internet dll.

Greeting and leave taking
          Greeting is a kind of question or statement to begin a conversation .

                                                                                                           
Informal greetings
Response
-     Hi, how is life ?
-     What’s news ?
-     How’s everything ?
-     How’s are you doing ?
-     Good to see you ?
-     Long time no see
-     Terrific, and you ?
-     Just fine , thanks .
-     Great, thanks
-     All right thanks.
-     Pretty well. What about you ?
-     Not bad
-     So – so

Formal greetings
Response
-       G  Good morning (00.00 a.m until 12.00 p.m )
-       Good afternoon ( 12.00 p.m until 06.00
  p.m )
-       Good evening (06.00 p.m until 09.00 p.m )
-       Helo , how are you ?

Etc
-       Hello
-       Hello , good afternoon
-       Good evening
-       I’m fine , thank you
-       Very well , thanks

Etc
Example :
Edgar    : good morning , yan how are you ?
Yanyan : I’m fine . thank you . how are you ?
Edgar    : I’m fine too . how is your family ?
Yanyan : they’re fine . thank you .
Edgar    : nice to hear that .

Leave takings
Responses
-          Sorry, I have to go now .
-          I’ll talk to you later
-          It’s been nice talking to you .
-          Good bye and give my regard to mr…../mrs…
-          Bye – bye / bye
-          See you tomorrow/later/agin.
-          Take care yourself
-          Yes, of caurse,it was nice to see you
-          Sure. See you later
-          So long
-          Keep in touch
-          Bye
-          See you
-          Hope so .
Etc

                There are some situations that make an introducing : introducing oneself ; introducibg someone.
                Read these dialogues, then practice them !

1.         Introducing oneself

a.    Mr. robinson    : let me to introduce myself ?
                         I’m George robinson .
Francis         : how do you do . I’m francis Matthews.
Mr. robinson   : I’m glad to meet you francis .
Francis         : I’m glad to meet you too mr.robinson.
                       Thank you

b.     Novi  : hello, my name is novi .
Koko : hello, I’m koko.
Novi  : nice to meet you.
Koko : nice to meet you too. Thank you
2.      Introducing others

a.       Tabita         : mr. evendi, please allow me to introduce you to mr. rahmat.
                          Mr. rahmat, this is mr. efendi. Mr.effendi , this is rahmat .
Mr.efendi     : haw do you do ?
Mr.rahmat          : haw do you do ? it’s nice to meet you .
Mr.effendi    : it’s nice to meet you too. Thank you .
b.         Gaby : hi , boby . I would like to introduce my sister, her name is tabita .
Boby : how do you do , tabita ?
Tabita : how do you do ? glad to see you.
Boby : Glad to see you, too.
Study these expressions !
Introducing oneself
Responses
Formal
-         How do you do, I’m Tabita
-         May I introduce my self, I’m Tabita
-         Good morning, my name is Gabriel
-         Let me introduce myself. My name is Bita. 
Informal
-         Hi, I am Novi.
-         Hello, my name is Bimo.
- How do you do? My name is Gabriel. Nice to meet you.
- Good morning, I’m Tabita. How do you do ?
- hi, I’m Gabriel. Glad to meet you.
- Hello. My name is Gabriel. Pleased to meet you.










Introducing other
Responses
Formal
-         May I introduce…
-         Allow me to introduce…
-         I’d like to introduce you…
-         I’d like to meet you…
-         Iwant to introduce you…
Informal
-         This is…
-         These are…
-         Have you met…
-         Do you know…
-         Hi, glad to meet you. I’m…
-         Hello,….Pleased to meet you.
-         I’m glad to know you.
-         It’s nice to meet you.
-         How do you do ?
-         No, I don’t think so.
-         No, I haven’t.


Expressing Thanking
   The expressions of thanking and responses, such as:

Thanking
Responses
-          Thanks
-          Thank you
-          Thanks a lot
-          Thanks anyway
-          Thank you very much
-          Thank you so much
-          Many thanks
-          Thanks with all my7 heart
-          I would like to say thanks to…
-          I appreciate you…
-          That is very kind of you
-          Thanks you from the bottom of my heart.
-          I am grateful for your,,,(kindness/goodness/help
-          Thanks (a lot) for your help.
-          Thanks for helping me.
-          It was very kind of you to help me.
-          How very kind of you.
Etc.
-          You are welcome.
-          No problem.
-          It’s OK/alright.
-          Don’t mention it.
-          I’m glad to like it.
-          It was my pleasure.
-          Not at all.
-          With pleasure.
-          It’s no trouble at all.
-          Forget it.
-          I’m glad Icould help you.

  Expressing Apologizing
Learen and practice some phrases used in asking for apologizing and the responses

Apologizing
Responses
-         I’m Sorry
-         I’m realy sorry.
-         Please ,forgive me!
-         Sorry
-         I’m Sorry that
-         Forgive me, I’m Terribly  sorry about
-         Please,acecept  my apologizefor
-         I’m exstremely sorry for
-         I would like to apologize for
-         I apologize for
-         I’m  sorry I didn’t  mean to
Etc.
-         That OK
-         It’s all right.
-         Don’t worry.It’s OK
-         It doesen’t  matter.
-         I completely understand
-         Oh.that ‘s all right. It can happen to anyone
-         It’s not your fault
-         Don’t worry about it
-         No problem
Etc.




Example :
1. Nita forgets to bring tono’s book
Nita  : ton, I’m so sorry,  I forget  to bring the book that l borrowed from you last       Monday .
Tono         : lt doesn’t matter. Bring it tomorrow.

2. In a classroom
Angga        : Good morning , sir.
Teacher      : Morning, Angga.
Angga        : I would like to apoiogize for being late to class.
Teacher      : why do you come late ?
Angga        : my motorbike had a flat tire on the way to school.
Teacher      : All right this time. Please be on time in the future.
Angga        : yes, I will. Thank you, Sir.

expressing asking for, giving and refusing permission
In expressing asking for, giving and refusing permission there are some common phrases such as 
Asking for permission :
  • Can I...?
  • Is it okay if...?
  • May I...?
  • Could I...?
  • Would you mind if...?
Giving permission :
  • Yes, you can.
  • Sure.
  • Go ahead.
  • Yes, you may.
  • I don't mind.
  • No problem
  •  

Refusing permission
  • I'm afraid not.
  • No, I think.
  • No, you cannot.
  • You couldn't do that.
  • Sorry, you are not permitted.
Example :
andi  : can I smoke hre ?
arya  : yes . please do.



EXPRESSING REQUEST
A. Asking someone to do something:
· Can you give me the book?
· Could you phone me at 7 o’clock?
· Would you mind repairing my watch?
· Do you think you could take me to the shop
· I wonder if you could write me an application letter?
B. Asking someone for something:
· Can I borrow your pen?
· Could I have a seat?
· Can’t I sit beside you?
· May I use your computer?
The expression to accept it:
OK
Sure
All right
Certainly
It’s a pleasure


Example :
3. A: Would you helping me with my suitcase?
B: I’m sorry, but I’ve got a bad back.

4. A: Could I pass the salt please?
B: Yes, here you are.

EXPRESSION TO OFFER SOMETHING
Some expressions to offer something are :
·         Let me carry your book
·         Allow me to help you
·         Can I help you ?
·         Shall I carry your bag ?
·         Do you want me bring the camera with me ?
·         Would you like me prepare your stuff ?

Some of the responses are :
·         Thank you
·         That’s very kind of you
·         I’d appreciate that
·         You’re too kind
·         No , thanks . I can manage it.

Example :
your book ?
Luthfi : yes, of course

EXPRESSIONS OF SYMPATHY
·         I’am sorry to her that.
·         I’am sorry for your loss. My thoughts are with you and your family
·         I was deeply saddened to hear to hear of your loss.
·         You have my deepest sympathies on the death of your aunt
·         may the comfort of god help you during this difficult time.
Example :
Anggit      : hy icha ., why do you look sad ?
Icha        : my mom is sick, but I could not come because there was work to                    finish.
Anggit            : im sorry to hear it
Icha        : thank you.


EXPRESSING REGRET
a. expressing regret about someone’s personal circumstances
·          I’m sorry to hear about that
·         Oh. That’s soo bad, I’m sorry to hear it.

b. expressing regretabout a minor accident or event
·         What a pity
·         What a shame
·         What a nuisance

C. expressing shock or regret about a serious incident.
·         Goodness!
·         How awful !
·         How terrible !
·         How dreadful !

Example :
A : hy what’s up ?
B : look at the news ! recently the earthquake in Yogyakarta.
A : how terrible






CHAPTER II EXERCISES
the following text is for question 1 to 2
Greeting and Leave Taking
Hendri  :  "Good morning, Satya !"
            Satya      :  " Hello ! Morning, Hendrii !"
      Hendri    :  "…?”
      Satya      :  "Just fine, thanks
      Hendri    :  "What are you doing here ?" 
      Satya     :  " I am looking for some books to write my homework."
      Hendri    :   " Well, good luck then. I have to leave now
                         See you later !"
        Satya     :  “…”    
1. Hendry :…?
a. I’m sorry to hear it       
b. “how are you doing ? “   
c. “what are you doing ?
d. “what’s your name ?

2. satya : …?
a. “nice too met you”
b. “no problem”
c. “thank you”
d. “ see you “

Expressing thanking
3.    Anggit      : Hello, Anggit speaking.
      Riko        : Hello. This is Riko . May I speak to your sister?
      Anggit            : She just stepped out. I think she’s next door. I can call her                        if you like.
      Riko        :”…  … …” I’ll phone again later. Good-bye.
      Anggit            : Good-bye

a. “thank you”               c. “no ,thank you”
b. “many thank”              d. “thanks for your help “

Expressing apology
At school
Sarah       : “Farhan, I do apologize that I couldn’t come to your birthday                  party yesterday.”
Farhan      : “….”. I know you were so busy in your boarding house.”
Sarah       : “Yeah, I got so much paper to finish.”
Farhan      : “It’s alright.”

4. farhan :”…”
a. “ No problem “
b. “ I’m sorry I can’t “
c. “ im sorry “
d.” thank you “

Expressing asking for, giving and refusing permission

A : hello B, how are you?
B : i'm fine, thank you. How about you?
A : yes, i'm too. It's a nice day today.
B : yes, i agree with you.
A : By the way, B may i kill you?
B : “…”, but why the h*ll you want to kill me?
A : Oh, that's because i just wanna do that.
B : is that so? alright, just do that now.
A : OK B, thank you.
B : you are welcome.

5. B : …
a. “ I’m sorry ican’t “
b. “ thank you “
c. “ yes of course “
d. “ you are welcome “

Expressing Request
6.    A: Could you possible hold my umbrella for a minute?
      B:”…”.
Answer is … except
a. “ thank you “
b. “ ok “
c. “ sure“
d. “ of course “

Expression to offer something
7.   Tajram      : Can I help you carry most of your books?
      Lefi         : “…”

Expression of sympathy
 8. Rina : Hi, Doni. What's up? You look so sad.
      Doni : Yea, my grandpa died last night.
      Rina : Really? “…”
      Doni : Thanks.

Expressing regret
9. icha     : hi, what’s up ?
   Lefi      : “ look at the news ! there’s a bomb accident in JB hotel “
   Icha     : “…”

10. lefi     : I lost my bag at the airport yesterday .
    Anggit  : “…”




CHAPTER III KEY ANSWER
Number 1-10
1. (b)      = how are you doing ?
2.(d)       = see you
3.(c)       = no thank you
4.(a)       = no problem
5.(c)       = yes of course
6.(a)       = thank you
7. certainly
8.i take my symphaty to hear it .
9. how awful !
10.i’m sorry to hear it
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